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In this study, we focus on the investigations of oil slicks observed by TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X operating over the drilling platforms in Forties oil field, the largest one in the North Sea. Previous researches indicate that oil spills observed by consecutive SAR images represent the same leaks, but in this paper, we presented four cases which suggest completely different situations of oil spill variations...
The wind energy production estimates are very important to a wind power project. The remote sensing technique has been widely used to retrieve the offshore wind speed and direction which could be used to calculate the wind energy of potential wind farm. However, almost all existing methods focus on wind power density, and the directional wind energy distributions are rarely studied. Before using remote...
Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) consists of Ka- and Ku-band radars which operate in scanning mode at low incidence angles. It is installed on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite. Definition of boundary wave number in frameworks of the two-scale model of scattering surface is an important problem for investigation and modelling of radar backscatter from the sea surface. In...
Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) measurements and Precipitation Radar (PR) data on tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) are collocated to acquire the normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) at low incidence angles. At the same time, the whitecap coverages are concluded from averaging previous results. Using the formation of Kudryavtsev et al, the NRCS of whitecap is obtained. The...
Microwave remote sensing provides an opportunity to retrieve wind speed (WS) inside tropical cyclones (TCs) due to the high atmospheric transmissivity through clouds and under rain conditions. A WS retrieval algorithm for WS above 20m/s in TCs using brightness temperature at 6.8- and 10.7-GHz has been developed and a new set of parameters has been optimized from 6.9GHz and 10.7GHz TB and the HWind...
As the launch of radars, such as the Precipitation Radar (PR) on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)[1] satellite and the Surface Wave Investigation and Monitoring (SWIM) on China France Oceanography SATellite (CFOSAT)[2], that operate in low incident angles, more and more NRCS data at low incident angle will be obtained. In order to retrieve the sea surface wind speed using low incident angle...
The motivation of this work is to investigate the characteristics of Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) of X-band SAR under high winds using a TerraSAR-X (TS-X) image taken in Typhoon Megi in the South China Sea. NRCS derived from TS-X is compared with the simulated NRCS using the C-band GMF CMOD5 and the Ku-band GMF NSCAT4. The wind velocity is ranged from 25 to 36 m s−1 in the analysis. Results...
The Rotating fan-beam scatterometer (RFSCAT) onboard the Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) is a novel kind of scatterometer whose performance had been preliminarily verified by airborne campaign. In this paper the whole data processing chain that can achieve wind field derivation from original data set transmitted from the scatterometer had been proposed with definition of corresponding...
French-Indo joint mission SARAL/AltiKa is the first space-borne altimeter operating at Ka-band, which is expected to obtain finer resolution ocean surface wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) measurements particularly in coastal areas compared to the traditional Ku-band altimeters. In this paper, we present the preliminary validation results for the SARAL/AltiKa coastal SWH and wind speed...
It is known that the slope probability density function (pdf) of the sea surface is non-Gaussian and can be expressed as a Gram-Charlier to fouth-order expension, including seven parameters: slope variances in upwind and crosswind direction, two skewness coefficients and three peakedness coefficients. Cox and Munk[1] had gotten all the seven parameters varying with the wind speed using optical data...
The SAR-derived wind fields presented the detailed structure of wind fields along the coastal areas, which had heretofore been unobtainable from scatterometer observation. Comparison of the retrieved SAR wind speeds with in-situ buoy wind measurements showed a small difference of less than 1 m/s, which implied that the results of SAR wind retrieval satisfied the limit of accuracy of satellite scatterometry...
The robust wind wave growth functions established with ideal fetch-limited and quasi-steady wind conditions (e.g., [11–13]; and references therein) have been observed to be applicable to wind generated waves under considerably more varying conditions, including hurricanes [1, 3, 4, 14, 15] and rapidly accelerating and decelerating wind fields such as those encountered in mountain gap winds [16–19].
How to eliminate the threats from tornadoes and high winds using advanced weather sensing techniques has been pursued for a few decades. However, conventional S-band radar based retrieval system is limited at warning against tornadoes and microbursts due to the combined effects of sampling limitation and Earth's curvature. This paper presents the rationale of using high-resolution X-band Doppler radar...
Reflected S-band digital communication satellite signals were collected over 12 days of flights around and into developing hurricanes. Cross correlation with the direct signal was used to generate a power vs. delay waveform which was then fit to a forward scattering model to estimate the mean square slope (MSS) of the ocean surface. The existing L-band (GNSS) empirical model function was applied to...
In this talk we introduce the combined active / passive (CAP) data product for the Soil Moisture Active Passive mission. We develop the algorithms for a radiometer-only salinity product, a radar-only vector wind product, and a combined active / passive vector wind and salinity product. We show the radiometer-only salinity product nears the Aquarius salinity accuracy requirements, that the radar-only...
We investigated the use of L-band active and passive microwave data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory for remote sensing of ocean surface winds during hurricanes. We analyzed the dependence of SMAP data on ocean surface wind speed and direction, and found excellent consistency with the geophysical model functions developed for the Aquarius L-band radar/radiometer although the...
In order to understand the space-borne GNSS Reflection (GNSS-R) performance, an end to end simulator named GREEPS (GNSS-R End-to-End Performance Simulator) was developed by National Space Science Center (NSSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The simulator consists of four functional modules: Mission analysis module, forward modeling module, observation system modeling module and inversion/retrieval...
The Global Precipitation Measuring (GPM) was proposed jointly by US and Japan and satellite equipped with a dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) and a microwave radiometer (GMI). GPM is partly a follow-on mission of the Tropical Precipitation Mission (TRMM), but GPM will extend the observation to cold regions. Our team has experience in developing of retrieval algorithms for precipitation radar...
The Interferometric Imaging Radar Altimeter (InIRA) is a new generation radar altimeter developed by China, which combines the function of interferometric radar altimeter and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). In this paper, we explored the retrieval method of wind speed from simulated InIRA echoes. The combined significant wave height (Hs) was first statistically derived from sea surface height (SSH),...
In this study, we investigated the accuracies of SSS in the northwest Pacific Ocean for the recent three years (2012–2014) by comparison with in situ salinity measurements from Argo floats, moored buoys, and many of ship CTD measurements. The satellite SSS errors of the northwest Pacific Ocean presented characteristic dependence on latitudes close to the global ocean but were mostly underestimated...
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